Unable to download any modules, logged in or otherwise

If you could show me the certificate, I’m fairly certain you’d see what’s on the thread I linked to above. This thread from the linked post onward shows how to see the certificate in use in Chrome. Can you try Chrome?

If you’re having the problem it appears you are, the solution is to use current root certificates, and the way to do that is to make sure your OS and browser are up to date. Have you done that?